Friday 4 November 2011

Thailand's worst flooding in 50 years

As floodwaters edge closer to some of Bangkok's hitherto-dry central areas some enterprising people – including those affected by the waters – are doing a steady business selling flood-related provisions.

For more than two weeks, the floods that have killed 437 people and submerged northern suburbs and towns to the north, have been slowly making their way to the center of Bangkok. The west bank of the Chao Phraya River, the central part of the city, is heavily-flooded. Though the main shopping and business districts have been spared – so far – many businesses around the city have been forced to close as thousands of people have evacuated, or gone to tend their homes.

Squatting on a sidewalk on the Phahonyothin Road, Suchida Kumjit looks over her shoulder at the newly-rising waters less than a foot away. “It was dry here this morning,” she says. “The water only came here at around noon today.”

She has temporarily left her day job at a legal firm in flood-hit suburbs to the north, and is now collaborating with some friends, procuring and selling Chinese-made rubber boots for Bangkok residents needing to keep their feet dry and legs protected.

Ms. Suchida and her friends represent a growing number of residents who, amid the disruption that the floods have wreaked on their jobs and homes, are showing a can-do ethos, and helping others and themselves.

As the water moves south, the market opens up. “We have sold 36 pairs [of boots] today so far,” says Suchida. But, she says, when the water rises they will move shop and sell more boots at the flood's edge.

Standing nearby is Nattapong Sodajan, arms resting on one of the inflatable dinghies he is selling at 4,500 baht ($146) each. “My job is gone for now,” he says. “I used to drive a delivery van bringing wholesale goods to shops, but the warehouse is flooded.”

He says he has sold about 10 dinghies a day since commencing his new venture on Monday, procuring the inflatables for 4,200 baht ($136.40) each wholesale price.

Across the street, army and volunteer trucks pull up in shin-deep rising waters outside a shopping mall and cinema, with police sirens blaring less than a mile from Bangkok's main court buildings.

To the north of this newly-flooded street, there have been disputes across the flood barricades between residents and officials. People living in flooded areas say they have been left to suffer with deep stagnant waters in order to save the inner city.

As reported by the Monitor on Tuesday, after reports of the worst flooding being over, officials allowed residents near the Sam Wa canal sluice gate to open a one-yard hole to allow water flow south. But after another announcement, that the city actually hadn’t seen the worst yet, the Bangkok city authorities to enforced a re-sealing of the gap yesterday.

Some see the confusing signals as a slight against the Thailand government.

However, given the mass of water and the various choices and complexities involved in decision making, the blame game might be best left to another day. Kim McQuay, Thailand Representative of The Asia Foundation says that political leaders in Thailand have hard calls to make.

"I think that all the political stakeholders that are caught up the flooding crisis, each equally motivated to demonstrate firm leadership, while others are left to seemingly falter, are facing extraordinarily difficult choices; choices that they are bound to exercise on the basis of scientific projections and flood modeling that are less than perfect, with the added refinement of political calculus."

Thailand has had unusually heavy rain this monsoon season – with northern Thailand getting 46 percent more rain this year than in the past, according to data gathered by the “Bangkok Pundit,” a widely-read blogger on Thai politics, who previously compiled information on water levels at Thailand's dams, another factor contributing to the current flooding.

While authority figures may yet have to answer for the flood response, it is likely too early to get into name-calling, says Chris Baker, author of numerous books on Thailand's politics and society.

“I think we'll have the data to assess and allocate blame in about six months' time. It will need quite a lot of data,” he says. “All allocations of responsibility made now are shallow and political.”

In the meantime, locals are making the most of the current situation.

A few yards down the Phahonyothin Road from Nattapong Sodajan, Singha Kaipong, a former watch salesman is also selling inflatable boats. “Am I happy with the current situation?” he laughs, shaking his head but holding a thick wad of 1,000 baht notes in his right hand. “My home is flooded too,” he says, “and my old job, gone for now.”

“People need boats. I don't sell for a major profit. But if we don't sell, then who can?”

Thailand floods: At the floodwaters' edge, entrepreneurs flourish

Floods in Thailand have killed 437 people and submerged the northern suburbs and towns. As floodwater slowly make their way to the center of Bangkok, locals are showing a can-do ethos.


Residents wade through floodwaters in the Bang Phlat district of Bangkok, Tuesday. Higher than normal tides pushing into the Chao Phraya river from the Gulf of Thailand in recent days have complicated efforts to drain floodwaters flowing from the country's central heartland, where vast areas have been submerged for up to two months.

Lat Krabang estate at risk

Expert tells Froc it must hasten runoff drainage.

Lat Krabang Industrial Estate in the east of Bangkok will be swamped by floods if rapidly advancing runoff cannot be drained quickly enough.


Yingluck lends a hand
Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra is surrounded by flood victims who turned up in large numbers to receive food donations from her on Song Prapha Road yesterday. The premier visited the residents of flooded areas in Don Muang and handed them flood survival necessities.
Somchet Thinaphong, chairman of the board of the Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency, yesterday urged the Flood Relief Operations Command (Froc) to speed the drainage of runoff threatening the estate or it would be flooded by overflow from the Saen Saep canal.

Mr Somchet, the former governor of the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand, said that overflow from the Saen Saep canal had now inundated Rat Uthit Road and swept into the fields in the north and the west of the estate.

The runoff was also flowing into canal networks around the estate, Mr Somchet said.

He said the water has continued to surge and advance towards the estate even though the sluice gates at Khlong 8-10 at the lower line of Khlong Hok Wa in Pathum Thani were ordered closed by the Froc yesterday.

The sluice gates are intended to regulate the water flow in the Saen Saep canal.

The Froc must drain the water as quickly as possible otherwise Lat Krabang Industrial Estate would be hit by floods within 24 hours, Mr Somchet said.

However, more than 100 nearby residents yesterday turned up to protest the closure of the Khlong 9 sluice gate _ one of the three sluice gates _ at the lower line of Khlong Hok Wa.

A mother and child live underneath the expressway near Chaeng Watthana Road yesterday. They and several other families have moved out of their flooded houses along Khlong Prapa.

They said the gate closure would put vast areas of their farmland and catfish breeding ponds in danger of flooding.

More than 100 policemen were sent to maintain order and the Pathum Thani deputy governor arrived shortly afterwards to negotiate with representatives of the protesters.

An agreement has been reached that the Khlong 9 sluice gate will remain open and that the Royal Irrigation Department must install 27 water pumps to drain floodwater in their communities by Monday.

The residents agreed to disperse after their demands were met. Their representatives said they would meet for talks about the closure of the sluice gate with authorities again if and when flood levels in their communities receded.

A source at the Froc said Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra and authorities at the command were confident the Froc would be able to control the flood situation at Lat Krabang Industrial Estate.

Experts at the Froc believed that when construction of the flood barrier using giant sandbags is completed, it will help stem the flow of the northern runoff on Vibhavadi Rangsit and Phahon Yothin roads in the capital.

The 6km levee will run alongside the railway track from Chulalongkorn sluice gate in Pathum Thani's Thanya Buri district to Don Muang railway station.

The source also said the height of the controversial Khlong Sam Wa sluice gate must be lowered from the current 100cm to 80cm in order to spare the Lat Krabang and Bangchan industrial estates from the deluge.

Froc director and Justice Minister Pracha Promnok said the repairs of the Khlong Sam Wa sluice gate by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) have been completed.

Froc has fully cooperated with the BMA in handling the flood problem.

The BMA needed sandbags and workers to fight the floods and the Froc has made sure all these demands from the BMA are met.

Pol Gen Pracha said the Froc had no problems in working with the BMA as the BMA's drainage director was working at the Froc.

Asked why floodwater is spreading in the capital, Pol Gen Pracha said floodwater from upper areas was massive and attempts to divert it to the western and eastern outskirts of Bangkok were not successful, so the rest had to run through the capital.

He admitted it was difficult to cope with the floodwater that is flowing through the drains.

Rama II expected to go under within three days

The government should prepare alternative routes of transport and logistics to the South as Rama II Road is expected to be flooded within three days, Seri Supparathit, a Rangsit University expert on natural disasters, said yesterday.

The northern runoff has already passed Khlong Phasi Charoen in Bang Kae district and was about 5km from Rama II Road, which is one of the major roads linking Bangkok and the southern region, he said.

The water mass travels 1-2km a day, Mr Seri said in his update on the flood situation on Thai PBS television last night.

Since Rama II is crucial for logistics and transport between the South and other regions, Mr Seri urged the government to prepare alternative routes in case the road was cut by the deluge.

Meanwhile, City Hall yesterday issued an announcement for the evacuation of the whole of Bang Kae district because of the rising level of water in waterways in western Bangkok.

Bangkok Governor MR Sukhumbhand Paribatra said the levels in Khlong Thawee Watthana and Khlong Maha Sawat were high and water in Bang Kae district rose rapidly by 20cm yesterday.

The governor is most concerned about western Bangkok as floodwater is rising and continues to spread to fresh areas. It also reached Nong Khaem and Phasicharoen districts yesterday.

He asked the Agriculture and Cooperatives Ministry to open sluice gates and operate pumps to quickly discharge water from western Bangkok into the Tha Chin River.

He also issued a special flood watch order in Bang Bon, Bangkok Noi and Phasicharoen districts.

In eastern Bangkok, water flowing in from the Khlong Sam Wa sluice gate raised water levels in flooded areas north of Ram Intra Road by 5-20cm. They included Nong Chok, Min Buri and Klong Sam Wa districts. Some areas were 1.50 metres under water yesterday.

In the middle zone of the capital, floodwater flowing from northern Bangkok forced the closure of Phahon Yothin Road in front of the Major Ratchayothin cineplex yesterday. It also spread to Ratchadaphisek Road in front of the Criminal Court.

People in Chatuchak district have been warned of flooding. Northern runoff from the vast Rangsit field and Khlong Rangsit 2 canal was still surging into Don Muang, Laksi, Bang Khen and Chatuchak districts.

MR Sukhumbhand said water was overflowing at many spots along the Khlong Prem Prachakorn, Khlong Bang Khen, Khlong Bang Sue and Khlong Lat Phrao canals.

He said he hoped a barrier of big sandbags installed at the southern sluice gate of Khlong Prem Prachakorn canal to Phahon Yothin Road would contain water flow into the areas.

Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra and some cabinet members distributed food, medicine and effective microorganism balls to flood victims in Don Muang district yesterday morning.

She was touring flooded communities and passed Wat Phai Luang temple, the Kosum Ruamjai market and Song Prapha 7 community. Some areas there were submerged by 1.5m of water.

Bussing out A family with small children wait for a bus to take them away from their flooded home on Phetkasem Road in Bang Kae district yesterday. 
During the visit, the premier faced complaints from residents about inadequate relief assistance. So many flood people turned up to receive food donations from Ms Yingluck that she ran out of supplies.

About 1,000 people waited for donations from her group. Some of them expressed disappointment and said they had been invited to receive aid from the prime minister but had to go home empty-handed.

Ms Yingluck urged people to be patient. Authorities today expect to finish placing large sandbags weighing about 2.5 tonnes each along Khlong Rangsit Road to slow water flow into Vibhavadi Rangsit Road.

A source in the Froc said the bags will stretch over six kilometres along the canal. The big bag embankment will slow the water flow, allowing the authorities to pump more water from Khlong Rangsit into Khlong Phra Pimol through Pathum Thani.

New fear for flood-hit Thais: Green mambas

Fifteen of the highly venomous snakes have reportedly escaped from a flood-hit building outside of Bangkok.


A bite from the green mamba can kill a human in 20 minutes.
A couple of weeks ago we were worried about escaped crocodiles. Now flood-hit Nonthaburi, on the outskirts of Bangkok, is dealing with another breed of deadly fugitives -- 15 green mambas.

Officials announced Wednesday that 15 highly venomous African snakes -- two adults and 13 young -- escaped from a flooded building in Nonthaburi's Pak Kret district on Tuesday night.

The adults are reportedly two meters long, while the young ones measure one meter in length.

Despite the fact that the chances of encountering one of the deadly African snakes is rare, the news spread quickly online when first announced Wednesday afternoon and is being broadcast on all Thai TV news programs.

In a report in The Nation, Chisanu Tiyacharoensri, vice president of the Wild Animal Rescue Foundation of Thailand, said green mambas are yellowish-green and larger than Thailand's regular green snakes.

He said there's no anti-venom serum available in Thailand at present -- though it's reportedly on the way from South America -- and their venom can kill a human in 20 minutes.

If you happen to have the misfortune of spotting one these snakes, call the Zoo and Wildlife Veterinary Society of Thailand at 1362.

15 African mambas on the loose in Bangkok province

Thai veterinarians are hunting for 15 African mamba snakes that reportedly escaped from a flooded building in Nonthaburi province, north of Bangkok - a week after the authorities warned that thousands of crocodiles had escaped from wildlife parks.

Green Mamba

Officials say the highly venomous snakes include two adults that are 2m long and 13 young ones that are 1m long. "We have issued warnings to the public that these snakes are green, similar to the green snakes indigenous to Thailand, but the mambas are a lot bigger and very dangerous," said president of the Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarian Society of Thailand Nanthika Chansue.

"If you see one, stay far away."

The society, in collaboration with the National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, dispatched teams to Pak Kret district to hunt for the reptiles.

A victim of a mamba bite would feel drowsy and could die within 20 minutes. If the victim survives, he or she would be on respiratory aid while waiting for antivenom to come from South America in two or three days.

EM Balls Making in Bangkok to Sanitize Water

Hundreds of Bangkok residents gathered in the city centre on Thursday, making ten thousand micro- organism balls to help clean the polluted water in flooded areas.

Organized by local volunteer groups, the activity aimed to make 10,000 Effective Micro-organism balls (EM Ball), which are proven to be efficient in cleaning contaminated floodwater.

According to Danal Chanchaochai, the organizer of the event, people in flooded areas were facing critical conditions as germs may spread in polluted water and threat their health. Mainly consist of soil, rice bran and micro-organisms, a tennis-sized EM Ball is capable to clean up 10 liter of water and can last for as long as one month, which making it a perfect water sanitizer.

Another main objective of the event was to educate citizens on the simple steps of making EM Balls, in case of more flood in the city, he said.

The organization had generated buzz on social media sites like facebook and twitter, calling everyone to help.

Held at Amarin Plaza, one shopping mall at city centre, the activity attracted groups of volunteers, including office workers, local students and even foreign visitors.

Volunteers were lining up to get the raw materials from the collection point and gave back completed EM Balls to the distribution centre in boxes. Residents needed to present their identity cards in order to retrieve the donated water cleaners.

Volunteer Kulawan Ayura Chai said that, although her house hadn' t been affected by water yet, she understood the difficult situation faced by the victims and felt responsible to help.

Lasted for three days from Thursday to Saturday, the activity aimed to make 100,000 EM Balls, adding to the 30,000 balls made earlier, to distribute to the flood victims in Bangkok and other regions in Thailand.

Ms. Earth moves from Bangkok to Manila

Miss Philippines-Earth 2011 Athena Imperial. 

MANILA, Philippines - Due to the worsening flood situation in Thailand, the organizers of the Miss Earth 2011 pageant have decided to hold the event in the Philippines.

Carousel Production, Inc. president Ramon Monzon has released a statement regarding their decision to transfer the event's venue.

He said, "After careful consideration, it is with regret that we have decided to cancel the scheduled Miss Earth 2011 in Bangkok, Thailand and transfer the event to Manila, Philippines even at this late stage.”

“I believe it would have been insensitive and even irresponsible to go ahead with the event in Bangkok at this time considering the calamity that has befallen Bangkok.”

The 90 Miss Earth candidates, including Philippine bet Athena Imperial, are expected to arrive in Manila on November 17.

They will be joined by the reigning Miss Earth, Nicole Faria of India.

The Miss Earth 2011 coronation night will be held on December 3 at the University of the Philippines Theater in Diliman, Quezon City.

A live telecast of the event will be aired on Star World at 8 p.m.

ABS-CBN Channel 2 will be airing the show nationwide on December 4 at 10:30 p.m.

Flood Waters Converge on Downtown Bangkok

Men pull eggs in a small boat through the floodwater at the closed Don Muang airport in Bangkok.  
Bangkok residents are growing increasingly restless as floodwater continue to rise through city streets.

Officials are trying to drain the waters through waterways in the city’s eastern and western areas, but that’s prompted protests from residents who say their homes are being sacrificed to protect ritzier downtown properties like luxury hotels and shopping malls, the AFP reports. So far, the center of the city is still dry.

About 20% of the capital is underwater, and 12 of its 50 districts have received whole or partial evacuation orders—though many are ignoring those warnings.

The beleaguered government, meanwhile, says it’s preparing a “master” plan to prevent another such disaster, the Sydney Morning Herald reports.

“The plan would mobilize all real experts to work in the same direction,” the prime minister promised. Critics have lambasted the government for its handling of the floods, which have killed at least 437 throughout Thailand.

Wrong message being sent abroad


Tourist confusion rampant, say hoteliers



The government needs to do a better job of communicating to protect the country's tourism image, as reports of current flooding in foreign media are creating confusion abroad, say executives of Centara Hotels & Resorts.

Many international tourists misunderstand current conditions in Bangkok because of frequent media reports saying Bangkok's airport is flooded.

They are not aware that the flooding affects only Don Mueang and not Suvarnabhumi, prompting Asian tourists shift to other countries and European tourists to postpone trips to unaffected areas including Phuket, Samui, Krabi and Chiang Mai.

"We're disappointed with international news footage. Some reports are not true at all," said Chris Bailey, senior vice-president for sales and marketing of Centara Hotels & Resorts.

"The problem is ineffective communications by the government, the Tourism Authority of Thailand and the Ministry of Tourism and Sports. They always said the flooding problem won't affect tourism."

Updating the situation on websites is not enough, he said. Authorities need to start proactive communication right now before tourism operators lose another high season, he added.

Suthikiati Chirathivat, chairman of Central Plaza Hotel Plc (Centel), said the tourism sector had faced negative conditions time and again, most recently the airport seizures by protesters in late 2008 and the escalating red-shirt unrest of 2009-10.

Centel had been hoping to see tourism clearly rebound in this high season but the floods are causing those hopes to fade, he said.

Mr Bailey said that that if people search for "Thailand flooding" online, they will see mostly negative news in international media.

"You don't see explanations of the situation by the TAT or the tourism ministry. If you want to check on updates on some overseas websites of the TAT, you will see it at the bottom of the web page and have to click three times to reach the information."

"Where is the minister of Tourism and Sports? We haven't seen him to working or helping tourism," added Centara president Gerd Steeb.

The chain says it has lost 70 million baht from guest cancellations and event postponements at the Centara Grand Hotel & Resort at CentralWorld since the beginning of October.

Around 16,000 room nights at the group's properties have been cancelled, including 5,000 from Asian travellers, with 35% of the total at its hotels outside Bangkok. Forward bookings for the December-February period have dropped by 30% from expected high-season levels.

What is happening with Centara reflects the overall tourism sector because the group has hotels nationwide, said Mr Bailey. Normally, revenues generated in the first quarter are around 40% of Centara's total for the year.

Although the current average occupancy rate is quite high in Bangkok now, it reflects bookings from Bangkok residents who have fled flood-threatened homes.

"The problem is what will happen after the floods recede. Many hotels should lower room rates or offer special deals to attract clients," said Mr Bailey.

BMTA: Most city buses still in service

The great majority of city buses were still running even though many parts of Bangkok have been flooded, Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) director Opas Phetmanee said on Wednesday.

He said 80 to 90 per cent of buses were still on the roads. Services had been suspended only on a few routes which had been totally flooded.

In most cases, adjustments had been made to the routes with problems, meaning that the passengers might arrive later or earlier than usual at their destinations, he added.

Mr Opas said that even though the BMTA was not operating at full capacity it was still taking in about 10 million baht per day, up from the usual seven million to eight million baht during a school vacation.

This was probably because taxis and motorcycle taxis had increased their fares for travel in flooded areas, deterring passengers.

He said the BMTA is also still providing limited free hot bus services as usual.

Traffic police this morning closed the outbound lanes of Vibhavadi-Rangsit road in front of Samian Naree temple due to the high floodwater level, reports said.

The Kasetsart intersection on Vibhavadi Rangsit road is also inundated and impassable for small vehicles.

Another Kasetsart intersection on Phahon Yothin road is also flooded and impassable for small cars, according to the reports.

The Transport Co said interprovincial buses were avoiding flooded Vibhavadi-Rangsit road and using Samut Sakhon and Chachoengsao as gateways to the North and North East.

From the bus terminal in Chatuchak area, the northern-bound buses use the Si Rat expressway to go to Rama IX road before entering Maha Chai in Muang district and Ban Phaeo district in Samut Sakhon.

They then use a route to Nakhon Pathom’s Kamphaeng Saen district to go to Suphan Buri's Si Prachan district and other provinces in the Central Plains before going further to the North.

For the northeastern route, the buses also travel along the Si Rat expressway to the Motorway. They then enter Bang Nam Prieo and Phanom Sarakham districts in Chachoengsao before using Highway No 319 to Prachin Buri and going via Nakhon Nayok and Sara Buri to the Northeast.

In Samut Sakhon, traffic police this afternoon closed Phetkasem highway from Phetkasem Soi 50 to Krathumban district due to the high floodwater level, reports said.

The runoff rapidly flowed from Buddhmonthon Sai 4 and Khlong Thawee Wattana to flood the main road to the South in only one hour, according to the reports.

The floodwater was about 50 centimetres deep and impassable for small vehicles.

Floodwalls Keep Bangkok Dry but Provinces Angry

Workers and soldiers struggled Sunday to fix a breach in the flood-wall that has prevented flooding in Bangkok.

BANGKOK — Shielded by hundreds of thousands of sandbags piled shoulder high along the city’s outskirts, most of Bangkok remained dry on Sunday, allaying fears for now that the massive metropolis would be swamped by monsoon floodwater.

But along the flood walls, which ring the city and are patrolled by soldiers and police officers around the clock, there was a mixture of relief and resentment.

“I am just hoping this flood-wall will break,” said Seksan Sonsak, 43, a factory worker. Mr. Seksan, like several million other Thais, has found himself on the wrong side of the wall.

The sandbags hastily erected to protect Bangkok have trapped a giant pocket of floodwater that extends for dozens of miles. By sparing the low-lying capital, which lies in the delta of the country’s main river system, officials sacrificed the provinces to the north.

“I understand that you want to save the majority,” said Mr. Seksan, whose house is inundated with brown water reeking of rotting fish. “But no one seems to think of us, the minority.”

The flooding, the worst in Thailand in at least half a century, has affected two million people and left close to 400 dead, many by drowning or electrocution.

Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra thanked the residents of Pathum Thani Province, north of Bangkok, last week for their “sacrifice.”

“If we let the flood-wall collapse or if the sluices fail, the water will burst into Bangkok, the capital of our nation,” she said. “Foreigners will lose confidence in us and wonder why we cannot save our own capital.”

On Sunday, Ms. Yingluck said she was confident that the situation was improving because the flood-walls were mostly holding up.

Experts and government officials say favorable weather and the passing of peak tides over the weekend as the water moves out to sea may mean the worst is over for Bangkok.

“The situation is easing,” said Somsak Khaosuwan, the director of Thailand’s National Disaster Warning Center. “If the flood-walls don’t break, inner Bangkok will definitely be safe.”

Train service between Bangkok and the northern city of Chiang Mai resumed over the weekend after a month of interruption because of the floods. The main highway linking Bangkok to the north is now also passable.

But large swaths of provinces north of Bangkok are likely to remain inundated for several weeks, the government says. And bitterness is likely to persist long after the water has receded and the mud has dried.

Tensions were palpable in the Sai Mai district of Bangkok on Sunday, where the flood-wall held back water more than three feet deep. One man whose house is submerged on the north side of the sandbags appeared traumatized as he walked along the dry side and yelled to residents, “Why don’t you take some of this water in your houses?”

On Friday, the police arrested a man in Sai Mai for trying to dismantle the wall. “He’s still in jail,” said a neighbor, Thonglor Piromsuk, 46. “I wouldn’t call him crazy. I just think he was very stressed out.”

Some flood barriers have been destroyed under mysterious circumstances in recent days despite the deployment of what the military says is 50,000 troops to guard and maintain them. A nighttime breach last week near Bangkok’s domestic airport, Don Muang, sent floodwater pouring onto the tarmac and inundating thousands of nearby homes and businesses.

The main international airport, Suvarnabhumi, is still operating normally.) The surge also forced the government on Saturday to move its crisis management unit, the Flood Relief Operations Center, which had been based at the airport.

Still, only 7 of Bangkok’s 50 districts were heavily flooded as of Sunday, mostly along the northern and western rim of the city.

Drinking water and other essentials like eggs and rice remain in short supply, partly because panicked residents are hoarding. Many parts of the city were quiet over the weekend after residents took the government’s advice and evacuated to areas not threatened by flooding.

Thailand suffered acute monsoon flooding in 1983 and 1995, but this year’s floods have caused far greater damage, and with global repercussions. The country is a major supplier of electronics, and the closing of factories producing computer hard disks has created a global shortage and sharp price increases. The shuttering of factories producing car parts has also disrupted the supply chains of companies like Toyota and Honda.

The flooding appears to have been caused by intense rainfall in September, possibly exacerbated by miscalculations by managers at hydroelectric dams, who reportedly started filling their reservoirs too early in the monsoon season.

The rapid expansion of Bangkok in recent years has also hampered drainage of the annual floodwater. The swamps and canals that once absorbed the monsoon runoff and allowed it to flow to the sea have been paved over or converted into industrial parks and housing complexes.

Those who live close to the flood-wall say they realize that the sandbags are the only thing keeping them from total inundation.

Kusuma Thongin, 56, a grocery store owner, says she looks toward the wall and the fetid water behind it each morning and issues an invocation.

“I pray to the water: please, don’t come,” she said.

Tibetan Buddhist nun burns herself to death in China

A Tibetan Buddhist nun has died after setting herself on fire in south-west China, state media say.


Qiu Xiang, 35, doused herself in fuel and set herself alight at a road crossing in Sichuan province, said the Chinese news agency, Xinhua.

Chinese security forces were sent in to the town of Aba after a similar incident in October

She is believed to be the eleventh ethnic Tibetan this year to set themselves on fire reportedly in protest against Chinese rule.

Chinese security forces have been accused of oppressing ethnic Tibetans.
Xinhua says the woman was from Dawu county in the Ganzi area of Sichuan.

The agency said it was unclear why she had set herself on fire, but that the local government had launched an investigation.

However, the International Campaign for Tibet (ICT) says it has information that the self-immolation was a protest against the Chinese authorities.

"We heard that she called for religious freedom and the return of the Dalai Lama to Tibet," ICT spokeswoman Kate Saunders told AFP news agency.
Continue reading the main story

Ms Saunders said Tibetans in Ganzi prefecture were "strong in their religious beliefs" and the area had "been very restive for some time".

Qiu Xiang is the second Tibetan nun to set herself on fire since the start of the year.

Most of the self-immolation have been by monks in Aba prefecture around the Kirti monastery, which has become a focal point of ethnic Tibetan anger in Sichuan province.

Three monks there were jailed by the authorities in August for their alleged involvement in one self-immolation in March.

The monks have been protesting about the erosion of Tibetan culture and their treatment by the Chinese authorities.

They are also angry at Beijing's refusal to engage with the Dalai Lama, who is Tibet's exiled spiritual leader.

The Chinese authorities have accused him of encouraging the self-immolation in Sichuan.

Tibet's government-in-exile in India has strongly denied this, accusing China of pushing Tibetans towards desperation.

The Tibet Divide

China says Tibet was always part of its territory
Tibet enjoyed long periods of autonomy before 20th Century
In 1950, China launched a military assault
Opposition to Chinese rule led to a bloody uprising in 1959
Tibet's spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, fled to India
Dalai Lama now advocates a "middle way" with Beijing, seeking autonomy but not independence.

Why Water is the Sharp End of the Climate Change Stick

Earlier this year, the city government of Bangkok reported its greenhouse gas emissions and other climate change-related information to the Carbon Disclosure Project. Its analysis of the risks that the city faces from climate change is proving prescient:


"The tide from the Gulf of Thailand affects the water level in the Chao Phraya River and can rise to 2.1 meters (mean sea level). At the same time, because the city is close to the sea, the direction of flow of the Chao Phraya River at high tide can be reversed and in the process the river can over flow its banks when tidal surges meet the heavy runoff from other parts of the country."

The recent heavy rains in Thailand have very nearly made this risk a reality. On Tuesday, the water level in the Chao Phraya River -- the main waterway through Bangkok -- reached 2.44 meters at high tide, with widespread flooding in some parts of Bangkok and in its surrounding areas. According to the city government, annual rainfall as of October 21 was more than 40 percent above average.

Water is the sharp end of the climate change stick. Too much and a city floods; too little and a city dries up. Our organization, CDP, has traditionally focused on climate change data, such as greenhouse gas emissions, fuel use, risks and opportunities. But we are increasingly attuned to the links between climate change and water.

In 2009, we launched CDP Water Disclosure, which provides a platform for the world's largest corporations to report on their water use and their water-related risks and opportunities. And this year, inspired by the response from Bangkok and other cities, we are adding a number of water-related questions to CDP Cities, our reporting platform for municipal governments.

Bangkok is far from the only city with a serious water risk story to tell. A recent study by the Natural Resources Defense Council, "Thirsty for Answers," found that all 12 of the U.S. communities they surveyed faced "significant water-related vulnerabilities because of climate change." Our own data tells a similar story. Of the 48 cities that reported their climate change data to CDP last year, more than two-thirds mentioned water as a risk.

The ways in which water can present risks to cities are myriad. Flash precipitation events can damage city infrastructure and lead to loss of life. In 2010, Rio de Janeiro experienced one of the worst natural disasters in Brazil's history when an intense rainfall led to landslides and flooding that affected more than 800 people.

But many cities are also simultaneously likely to face droughts and water shortages. In Johannesburg, more frequent droughts cause a " 'disruption to water security' with effects on sanitation and human health," according to the city's 2011 CDP Cities response.

Water supply issues also present significant risks for businesses. The current flooding in Thailand, for example, has caused the closure of more than 10,000 factories -- affecting companies including Honda and Western Digital -- and the central bank has recently reduced its estimates of GDP growth for Thailand by 40 percent. In Rotterdam, which hosts the Netherlands' main port, drought could limit the flow of goods that travels from Rotterdam to the interior via the country's river system. Water is also a key component for energy production.

In its 2011 CDP Cities response, Seattle reported that reduced average annual rainfall is "leading to changes in the amount of water available for electricity generation and community water supply (energy and water supply)."

Despite the severity of the water impacts we've mentioned here, cities like Bangkok, Rio, Seattle and Rotterdam are leaders in addressing these risks. The first step to managing risks is to identify them.

Cities that identify the risks their city will face and make plans for the future are those that will best be able to guarantee water and energy security. By including water-related questions in our annual CDP Cities platform this year, we hope to catalyze more cities to measure and manage water-related risks.

Thailand floods: floating toilets, makeshift jet skis, and doggie lifejackets

The Thailand floods are the worst the country has seen in decades, but Thais are showing their resourcefulness.
Thai flood victims get aid package from officials at their flooded apartment at Salaya district in Bangkok, Thailand, Thursday. Floods continue to inch closer to Bangkok's business district as Thailand experiences it's worst floods in more than half a century.

Bangkok, Thailand

Ask people living in the flooded suburbs of Bangkok where they go to the bathroom, and you’ll likely get answers such as "the school over there," "in a plastic bag," or the rather implausible "I just hold it."

Thousands of people in Thailand have been living in filthy floodwater for some three months – the most devastating flood the country has seen in decades caused by unusually heavy monsoon rains. More than 400 people have died in the Thailand floods, and hundreds of thousands have fled their homes.

As a protracted battle to stay dry unfolds until the massive pool of stinking water and garbage drains into the Gulf of Thailand, which could take months still, even simple things like disposing of human waste can become complicated.

But when it comes to adapting to flood complications, Thais are getting inventive, frequently joking in Thai spirit, that they have become amphibians.

Cotto, a Thai sanitation company, has designed floating toilets people can use safely and – believe it or not – hygienically, no matter how deep their own lavatories are submerged, and treat the waste water with micro organisms before it’s discharged.

And some jury-rigged contraptions have become Internet sensations through Twitter and Facebook. From jet skis made out of a barrel, bike parts, and a lawnmower; to improvised flotation devices made from styrofoam blocks to float cars to safety, and ideas for do-it-yourself doggy life-jackets made from empty plastic bottles, old t-shirts, and rubber bands; people are utilizing the Internet to create useful ways to ameliorate their situation and then help share the know-how.

Baan Arsa Jaidee, an organization borne of the Thai Health Foundation, has been holding workshops at its headquarters in Bangkok, which also doubles as a food and water storage and distribution center.

“They’ve been very inventive with minimal resources, using plastic bottles and polymer piping to create very sturdy rafts," says volunteer and operations manager Brian Beattie. He adds that he’s impressed by the creativity of people experiencing a crisis who are even inventive with how they spreading information through social networks and cartoons. (Check out this great youtube cartoon explaining what's going on. It's in Thai, with English subtitles.)

Students at the technical university are especially amazing he says, making incredibly simple, incredibly useful items using what’s at hand. “And they’re trying to pass the knowledge on.”

Students from Mongkhut University in Bangkok with Baan Arsa Jaidee have created a flood alarm using piping and a ping-pong ball. Rising water presses the ball up, which triggers an alarm, says Beattie. “Rather than having to stay awake every night because you’re worried the water will arrive when you’re asleep, you can rest easy, and you can have enough warning to get your family to safety.”

The center has also been distributing homemade toilets made from plastic footstools and plastic bags and holds classes on how to make EM (Effective Microorganisms) balls, which can be put in pools of standing water to treat bacteria and microbes.

As the Thai government seems to continually miscalculate flood related risk – Thailand’s Disease Control Department announced today that though communicable diseases have been detected, the stinking flood water posed, “no serious threat” – victims are turning to groups such as Baan Arsa Jaidee and with a little resourcefulness, remain self-reliant.

Activists Dive In to Help Dogs Abandoned in Floods

Activists work to save dogs that have been lost or abandoned amid the floods in Thailand.

Even in the midst of the worst floods to hit Thailand in decades, the kingdom’s furry friends have not been forgotten. Animal welfare groups are mobilizing activists and volunteers all over the world to help save and protect dogs, cats and other domestic animals from the floods.

A dog sat on a divider in a flooded street near the Chao Praya river in Bangkok.


Large-scale evacuations that have affected thousands of people in the capital have left many animals abandoned, as evacuees are typically not allowed to take their pets with them to shelters. This, coupled with a large number of stray dogs and cats already roaming the streets of Thailand, has prompted animal welfare groups to appeal for emergency assistance for the animals.

Thailand’s Soi Dog Foundation (“Soi” means “alley” in Thai), based in Phuket, has teamed up with other animal welfare organizations like Treat With Responsibility and Empathy All Animals in Thailand (Treat), Chulalongkorn University Small Animal Clinic and Soi Cats and Dogs (SCAD), enlisting high-powered boats and volunteers to save the stray, hungry animals.

Volunteers traverse flooded streets on small boats, armed with cages to pick up the frightened dogs, often at the risk of being bitten by animals not accustomed to human beings. The dogs are then brought to animals shelters in drier areas of the country. According to animal activists, rescue operations are getting tougher now because the sheer number of dogs and the vast areas that are now being flooded.

“We thought the situation was getting better, but it is really dire again,” said Margot Homburg of Treat Bangkok, a nonprofit animal welfare organization that runs a clinic for unwanted and street animals in Bangkok.

Worsening floods in many areas, now spreading into new parts of Bangkok, have forced more evacuations — including of Treat’s own low-cost veterinary clinic for street animals in Bangkok. The clinic’s staff and more than 80 dogs, a monkey and a rabbit have now been evacuated to a shelter in the Cha-am area, where more than 300 dogs are being housed.

Soi Dog Foundation puts the number of dogs and cats at risk at 60,000 to 80,000, according to Leonard Coyne, a spokesperson for the nonprofit organization. The group has enlisted 75 to 100 volunteers to help with animal rescue efforts, and is currently working with the Humane Society International and World Vets to help control what they describe as an “extremely dire situation.”

Most of these animal welfare groups have prominent pages on their websites’ homepages asking for donations. Food and cages to transport the animals are scarce. Additional donations are also being requested to sterilize the animals.

The Soi Dog Foundation, meanwhile, has put out a request for large boats, as volunteers say the current smaller boats being used to rescue and transport pets are not big enough to carry the increasing numbers of large dogs that need rescuing. According to John Dalley, coordinator of Soi Dog Foundation’s rescue efforts, two such boats were purchased today and are being sent up from Phuket.

Many of the rescued dogs have been abandoned by owners who are unable to take their pets while evacuating flooded homes. Some dogs left behind are able to stay in their owners’ houses without too much risk, so volunteers leave food for them rather than taking them back to crowded shelters.

“Dogs are simply left behind, there are such a vast number of them,” said Ms. Homburg of Treat. “It is horrible and heart-wrenching and the problem is just beginning. After the water is gone, there will be huge numbers unable to return…what on earth do we do with them?”

Ms. Homburg said she has also seen dogs in the rescue center that have been attacked by some of the other wild animals roaming around in floodwater — particularly crocodiles.

Rescued dogs and other animals housed in shelters like the one in Cha-am are sterilized. The animals are provided with medical treatment if necessary, and given food and water — though a significant amount of donations are still needed to keep the animals fed and sterilized, workers say.

Bangkok-based animal activists said they had been receiving calls from places like South Korea, Canada and Australia, eager to send volunteers, food, money and cages. More volunteers are on their way, including vets — though these people, too, have to struggle to find shelter while helping the abandoned creatures.

“Feeling so powerless and not being able to help more is nerve-wrecking,” said Ms. Homburg. “It is an understatement to say that the logistics involved of the scale we’re dealing with here, rescuing animals in flooded areas… goes well beyond any of us have ever imagined to be involved in.